GUIDE TO AUTHORS
ISSN ONLINE: 2350 - 2185

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Authorship
Please clearly indicate in your manuscript the corresponding and co-author(s) to enable the editorial office to keep communication with the corresponding author.  

Cover letter
The cover letter should include the corresponding author's full address, affiliation, telephone/fax numbers and should be sent as e-mail to the editor with the manuscript attached as a file bearing the surname name of the corresponding author(s)

Research Articles
Research articles should be original works and should address a clearly stated specific hypothesis or question. They should provide novel approaches and new insights into the problem addressed. They should be arranged in the following order: title, authors name and affiliations, abstract, key words, brief introduction, materials and methods, results if any, discussion, conclusion, acknowledgments if any, abbreviations and references.

Reviews/Mini-Reviews
Review articles are an attempt by one or more authors to sum up the current state of the research on a particular topic. Ideally, the author searches for everything relevant to the topic, and then presents in a coherent view that is state-of-the- art. Review articles should give information about the main researchers who have worked in a field, recent major advances and discoveries, significant gaps in researches, current debates and future directions, all relative to the field.                    

Research Note
A technical note is an article giving a brief description of a technique or procedure. It may also refer to the modification of a technique, procedure or instrument of interest to the journal. It should be no more than 1,000 words, and can include two figures or tables. It should have at least 8 references. Technical notes will also be sent for peer review.

Case Reports
Case reports consist of brief and illustrative reports. The discussion should highlight any previous similar reports, the importance of the issues identified and recommendations by the authors. They should have a maximum of 2,500 words.

Short Communications
Short Communications are limited to a maximum of two figures and one table. They should present a complete study that is more limited in scope than full-length papers. The items of manuscript preparation listed above apply to Short Communications with the following differences: (1) Abstracts are limited to 100 words; (2) instead of a separate Materials and Methods section, experimental procedures may be incorporated into figure legends and table footnotes; and (3) Results and Discussion may be merged to become a single section.

Submission
All manuscripts must be in English, in MS Word format, tables and figures should be included in a single Microsoft Word file, preferably in Arial font and should be submitted via our online system. To avoid unnecessary errors author(s) are strongly advised to use the "spell-check" and "grammar-check" functions of your word processor. The corresponding author is responsible for ensuring that the articles for publication are approved by the other authors. In addition, it is also the author’s responsibility to ensure that the articles emanating from a particular institution are submitted with the approval of the institution. Only an acknowledgment from the editorial office officially establishes the date of receipt of manuscript. Subsequent correspondence and proofs will be sent to the corresponding author(s) before publication unless otherwise indicated. Upon receipt, a manuscript is assigned a reference number which will be mailed to the corresponding author within 48 hours.
Submit manuscripts as e-mail attachment to the editorial office at ;

Review Process
Herald Journal of Geography and Regional Planning employs the classic double-blind peer review process. In view of this, a copy of the numbered manuscript is electronically sent to 3 or 4 referees, they evaluate the manuscript according to established criteria on an evaluation form.  Editorial office transmits reviewer evaluations and comments to the corresponding author within three weeks from the date of submission of a manuscript. The final decision on the manuscript rests with the Editor-in-Chief.

Revised manuscripts
Frequently, authors are required to submit revised versions of manuscript taking into consideration the issues raised by the reviewer(s).  When submitting revised manuscript, authors should include the reviewers’ remarks and point to point clarifications on those remarks in the manuscript. In addition, author(s) should highlight the text where corrections are made using red colour. Possible decisions which may be taken on a manuscript are: accepted as it is, accepted after minor revision, accepted after major revision, or rejected.

Regular Articles
Title
The title should be a brief phrase describing the contents of the paper. The Title Page should include the authors' full names and affiliations, phone, fax and e-mail information. Current addresses of authors should appear as footnote.
                                                                                                                                       
Abstract 
The abstract should be informative and succinct. The subject matter should be briefly presented, state the scope of the subject matter, indicate the methodology, and point out major findings and conclusions. The abstract should be 100 to 200 words in length. Complete sentences, active verbs, the third person should be used, and the abstract should be written in the past tense. Standard nomenclature should be used and abbreviations should be avoided. No literature should be cited. Following the abstract, 3 to 5 key words that will be used for indexing should be provided.

Introduction
The introduction should provide a clear statement of the problem, the relevant literature on the subject, and the proposed approach or solution. It should be understandable to colleagues from a broad range of scientific disciplines.

Materials and Methods
Materials and methods should be complete enough to allow experiments to be reproduced.  New procedures should be described in detail.

Results/Discussion
Results should be presented with clarity and precision. The results should be written in past tense when describing findings. Results should be explained, but largely without referring to the literature. Discussion, speculation and detailed interpretation of data should not be included in the results but should be put into the discussion section.

Acknowledgements
Contributors to the research other than the authors credited should be mentioned under acknowledgements. The specifications of the source of funding for the research if applicable can be included. The Acknowledgments of people, grants, funds, etc should be brief.

Abbreviations
Recommended SI units should be used. However, non-standard abbreviations can be introduced. In general, non-standard abbreviations should be used only when the full term is very long and used often. Each abbreviation should be spelt out and introduced in parentheses the first time it is used in the text.

Tables
Tables should be kept to a minimum and be presented as simple as possible. Tables should be double-spaced. Each table should be numbered serially in Arabic numerals and supplied with a heading and a legend. Tables should be self-explanatory without reference to the text. The details of the methods used in the experiments should preferably be described in the legend instead of in the text. The same data should not be presented in both table and graph forms or repeated in the text.

Figure Legends 
Figure legends should be typed in numerical order on a separate sheet. Graphics should be prepared using applications capable of generating high resolution GIF, TIFF, JPEG or PowerPoint before pasting in the Microsoft Word manuscript file. Figure legends should be prepared in Microsoft Word.. Begin each legend with a title and include sufficient description so that the figure is understandable without reading the text of the manuscript. Information given in legends should not be repeated in the text.

Fees and Charges:
Author(s) will be charged a $310 handling fees upon acceptance of paper for publication. The author's ability to pay the charges is not certain that the paper will be accepted for publication.However, we routinely offer partial waiver for students and authors from low-income countries. Please contact the help Assistant via this email address,  

Copyright:
Submission of a manuscript implies: that the work described has not been published before (except in the form of an abstract or as part of a published lecture, or thesis) that it is not under consideration for publication elsewhere; that if and when the manuscript is accepted for publication, the authors agree to automatic transfer of the copyright to the publisher. Open Access authors retain the copyrights of their papers, and all open access articles are distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution license, which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided that the original work is properly cited

References
In the text, a reference identified by means of an author‘s name should be followed by the date of the reference in parentheses. Authors are responsible for ensuring that the information in each reference is complete and accurate. All references should be cited within the text; otherwise, these references will be automatically removed. References should be arranged first alphabetically and then further sorted chronologically if necessary. More than one reference from the same author(s) in the same year must be identified by the letters "a", "b", "c", etc., placed after the year of publication. Journal names are abbreviated according to the ISSN List of Title Word Abbreviations, see  www.issn.org/2-22661-LTWA-online.php. Authors are fully responsible for the accuracy of the references. Below are some list of correct references.

Reference to a journal publication:
Xu YW, Liu L, Zhao D, Zou YT, Zeng JW, Wu W (2011a). Aliphatic aldehyde rich volatile constituents of Houttuyania cordata from southwest China. J. Med. Plants Res., 5: 5844-5847.

Xu YW, Zou YT, Husaini AM, Zeng JW, Guan LL, Liu Q, Wu W (2011b).Optimization of potassium for proper growth and physiological response of Houttuynia cordata Thunb. Environ. Exp. Bot., 71:292-297.

Shahyar HA, Salamatdoust_nobar R, Lak A, Lotfi AR (2011). Effect of dietary supplemented canola oil and poultry fat on the performance and carcass characterozes of broiler knekcihc . Current. Res. J. Biol. Sci., 3: 388-392.

Reference to a book:
Strunk W,White EB (1979).The elements of style.(3rd ed.).New York: Macmillan,(Chapter 4).

Reference to a chapter in an edited book:
Mettam GR, Adams LB (1994). How to prepare an electronic version of your article. In Jones BS, Smith RZ (Eds.). Introduction to the electronic age (pp. 281-304). New York: E-Publishing Inc.

Charles AL, Sriroth K, Huang TC (2005). Proximate composition,mineral contents, hydrogen cyanide and phytic acid of 5 cassava genotypes. Food Chem. 92: 615-620.

See more formats below.

Citing References in the Text 
 Whenever citing a reference in the text, the reference is made using the author’s surname and the year of publication.

Citing works by more than one Author
If your source has two authors, you should include both names in the text. For example, Anderson and Peterson (2000)

Citing works by three or more Authors
If there are three or more authors, you should include the first named author and then add ‘et al.’ in italics followed by a full stop. For example, (Kline et al., 2003)

Citing Secondary Sources
When citing secondary sources (i.e., an author refers to a work which you have not read) cite the secondary source, but include the name of the author and date of publication of the original source in the text. Only the secondary source should be listed in your List of references. You should only cite secondary sources if you are unable to read the original source yourself. For example, Sheriff (1993) notes that Nintendo invested heavily in advertising (cited in Kline et al., 2003, p.118).

Wrong format:
Hussain, S.; Ghaffar, A. and M. Aslam (1990): Biological control of Macrophomina phaseolina charcoal rot of sunflower and mung bean. Egypt, J. Phytopathol., 130: 157-160. 

Correct format:
Hussain S, Ghaffar A, Aslam M (1990). Biological control of Macrophomina phaseolina charcoal rots of sunflower and mung bean. Egypt J. Phytopathol. 130: 157-160.

Wrong format:
F.M. Abbasi, H. Ahmad, F. Perveen, P.W. Inamullah, M. Sajid, and D.S. Brar, Assesment of genomic relationship between Oryza sativa and Oryza australiensis. African Journal of Biotechnology, (2010). Vol. 9, Num 12: 1312-1316.

Correct format:
Abbasi FM, Ahmad H, Perveen F, Inamullah, Sajid M, Brar DS (2010). Assesment of genomic relationship between Oryza sativa and Oryza australiensis. Afr. J. Biotechnol. 9(12): 1312-1316.

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